The ventral articular surface bears a few convex counters divided by an excellent concave epidermis

5.dos.13 Squamosal

The new morphology and you may sideways facing direction of your own squamosal may be very like aetosaurs including S. robertsoni, A good. ferratus, P. andressorum, and D. spurensis (Shape 4u, v; Walker, 1961 : fig. 2; Small, 2002 : fig. 2; Schoch, 2007 : fig. 8; Schoch & Desojo, 2016 : fig. 4). Brand new unusually-designed squamosal (referred to as “sword-like” to possess An excellent. ferratus by Schoch, 2007 ) versions the fresh new posterodorsal margin of supratemporal fenestra. T. ruthae comes with a good laterally mainly based squamosal; although not, Roentgen. callenderi and you may aetosaurs do not have the obvious ventral projection found in you to definitely taxon (Ezcurra mais aussi al., 2017 ).

The fresh new squamosal bears three process, a keen anterior procedure, good posterodorsal techniques, and you can an excellent posteroventral process. The latest mediolaterally slim prior techniques is the biggest of your own about three and you may articulates ventrally into quadratojugal, forms a little part of the posterodorsal margin of your own horizontal temporal fenestra, and you may articulates dorsally to your posteroventral edge of the fresh new postorbital. A horizontal ridge with the dorsal portion of the squamosal bounds this new supratemporal fenestra sideways and you will goes on anteriorly on the dorsolateral margin of your own postorbital. A small anteriorly directing top of your own anterior procedure for the latest squamosal underlies a good posterodorsal projecting prong of your dorsal procedure of brand new jugal. This contact excludes new postorbital regarding participation in the margin from the fresh new infratemporal fenestra as mentioned in the past, much like the condition in P. kirkpatricki (Weinbaum, 2011 ), and other throughout the condition in aetosaurs (age.grams., P. andressorum, Schoch & Desojo, 2016 ). A small slot towards anteroventral skin of your anterior processes fits a slimmer dorsal procedure of the fresh new quadratojugal.

The fresh posterior portion of the squamosal runs posterior towards head of the quadrate collarspace apk and divides to the a good posteroventral and you can an anterodorsal process. Your mind of your own quadrate suits on the a definite ventrally up against fossa you to definitely extends onto the prior area of the posteroventral processes (Figure 4v); for this reason, the posteroventral procedure in addition to lateral side of the new articulation surface covers your face of your quadrate out of lateral evaluate. At the same time, for the posteroventral osal, there was a condo, posteriorly facing bookshelf you to welcomes the brand new slim anterodorsal margin of the quadrate. The posterior facial skin of your posteroventral process has a small part that articulates toward paroccipital process of the brand new opisthotic (Shape 4v). In place of really archosauriforms, which factors was thickened mediolaterally and you will rounded for the a manhood comparable to your symptom in T. dabanensis (IVPP V3237) and you will aetosaurs (Nesbitt, 2011 ). The fresh posterodorsal processes contains good slit to the the posterior edge one to fits the new posterolateral process of this new parietal.

Among the skeleton of one’s palate, the fresh vomers are not accepted out-of any identified specimen. Yet not, the brand new ectopterygoid, pterygoid, and palatine are maintained inside PEFO 34561 and you will an extra ectopterygoid is well known (PEFO 33857); the brand new palate is finished but blurred inside PEFO 34089 (Shape three-dimensional).

5.dos.fourteen Pterygoid

In the event none are entirely preserved (Figure 5a), the newest pterygoid includes this new prior procedure, lateral procedure, and rear techniques. The prior techniques is actually triangular in the get across-point which have a tall dorsal ridge one to spells out brand new element at the brand new midline. The newest ventral surface from the procedure was concave. They tapers anteriorly but the exposure to the fresh new palatine try unknown. The latest horizontal processes includes an excellent posteriorly pointed side that hills posteroventrally. The fresh new horizontal part of the ventral surface and contains a massive part along side whole amount of the fresh lateral procedure that articulates having the new dorsal epidermis of your own ectopterygoid (Figure 5a). Brand new pterygoid body is a slimmer, vertically based blade. This new ventral body carries a bent anteroposteriorly centered ridge that goes on on the anterior processes. Pterygoid teeth try missing. The posterior processes (= quadrate process) was broken in all specimens (age.g., PEFO 34561) posterior towards the articulation part towards the partial-rounded fossa towards basipterygoid procedure of new parabasisphenoid. The latest anteroposterior period of the latest pterygoid is a lot like one during the archosauriforms including Erythrosuchus africanus (Gower, 2003 ) and you will P. kirkpatricki (TTU P-9000), instead of the anteroposteriorly abbreviated pterygoids from aetosaurs (age.g., L. meadei, TMM 31185-98; Neoaetosauroides engaeus, PVL 5698).